New insights into aqueous humor outflow system and ophthalmic lymphatic drainage pathway / 中华实验眼科杂志

Glaucoma is the first irreversible blinding eye disease in the world, and vision loss due to glaucoma is related to the obstruction of the aqueous humor drainage channel, which leads to increased intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve.The relationship between the ocular lymphatic system and the aqueous humor drainage pathway is of important significance.Exploration of the generation and development of ocular lymphatic vessels and identification of the markers of ocular lymphatic vessels (LVs) are important for researching whether lymphatic pathways are involved in the aqueous humor outflow in glaucoma.Relationship between aqueous humor drainage system and ocular lymphatic drainage pathway can be elucidated from following aspects: (1)podoplanin is highly expressed in trabecular meshwork endothelial cells, while no expression of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) is found, suggesting that there is a close relationship between trabecular meshwork and LVs; (2)there are similarities in morphology, molecules and function between Schlemm canal and LVs, and Schlemm canal not only has some characteristics of LVs and blood vessels, but also some undiscovered characteristics of blood vessels and lymphatic endothelial cells; (3)the bulbar conjunctiva is rich in LVs, suggesting that the bulbar conjunctiva has active tissue drainage and immunoregulatory functions; (4)the sclera is mainly composed of collagen fibers and lacks real LVs, but many lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (LYVE-1)-positive macrophages around the scleral vessels are regulated by tissue-specific factors; (5)multiple lymphatic markers can be detected in ciliary body, and suspected LVs can be observed by electron microscopy; (6)various lymphatic markers can be expressed in a single choroidal cell, with LYVE-1 expressed highest.Research progress in the lymphatic system of LVs, lymphatic markers, and aqueous humor outflow was reviewed in this article.

Study on six patients with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective@#To improve the understanding of 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency(17OHD)disease.@*Methods@#The clinical data of six patients suffering from 17OHD were analyzed retrospectively.@*Results@#Two patients with complete combined defect had typical clinical presentations, including absence of secondary sexual characteristics, primary amenorrhea, hypertension, hypokalamia, lower gonadal hormone levels, as well as elevated corticotropin and progesterone levels. TAC329AA homozygous mutation, IVS1+ 2T>C, and c. 775_776delAT complex heterozygous mutation were found in 2 cases. Four cases of partial combined defect showed high progesterone, lower gonadal hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels. Three females(46, XX)showed spontaneous menstrual and primary infertility, and two of them got successful pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology. TAC329AA heterozygous mutation was found in those 4 cases.@*Conclusions@#TAC329AA mutation is common in 17OHD, and heterozygous or homozygous mutation of TAC329AA may be the genetic and molecular basis for determining whether these patients present as partial or complete defect. The elevated plasma progesterone in non-pregnancy combined with lower gonadal hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate is the main character of patients with partial 17OHD. Less severe patients may be able to get successful pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology.

Study on six patients with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To improve the understanding of 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency ( 17OHD ) disease. Methods The clinical data of six patients suffering from 17OHD were analyzed retrospectively. Results Two patients with complete combined defect had typical clinical presentation, including absence of secondary sexual characteristics, primary amenorrhea, hypertension, hypokalamia, lower gonadal hormone levels, as well as elevated corticotropin and progesterone levels. TAC329AA homozygous mutation,IVS1+2T＞C, and c.775 776delAT complex heterozygous mutation were found in 2 cases. Four cases of partial combined defect showed high progesterone, lower gonadal hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels. Three females (46, XX) showed spontaneous menstrual and primary infertility, and two of them got successful pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology. TAC329AA heterozygous mutation was found in those 4 cases. Conclusions TAC329AA mutations are common in 17OHD, and heterozygous or homozygous mutation of TAC329AA may be the genetic and molecular basis for determining whether these patients present as partial or complete defect. The elevated plasma progesterone in non-pregnancy combined with lower gonadal hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate is the main character of patients with partial 17OHD. Less severe patients may be able to get successful pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology.

Preparative optimization and antitumor activity of selenylaed polysaccharides from the extract residue of Sarcandra glabra（Thunb.）Nakai / 中国药科大学学报

Selenylation modification of polysaccharides from the extract residue of Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.) Nakai was operated with sodium selenite as modification agent and barium chloride as the catalyst.The synthesis conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment with the yields and contents of selenium as indicators.Then, the purity,molecular weight,infrared spectroscopy,thermophysical properties and antitumor activity of the seleny-lated polysaccharides were determined.Results showed that the optimum conditions for preparing selenylated polysaccharides from the extract residue of S.glabra(Thunb.)Nakai were at 70 ℃ for 7 h with 1.0％ nitric acid using 1.5 g barium chloride as catalyst.Under the optimum condition,the physicochemical properties of the derivatives were measured and the results showed that the total carbohydrate content was(94.89 ± 0.83)％,the yield was(21.93 ± 0.85)％,the content of selenium was(944.54 ± 13.91)μg/g,the molecular weight was 1 339 kD. In vitro antitumor activity indicated that exposure of HepG2 cells to the increasing concentrations of the crude polysaccharide from the residue of S.glabra(Thunb.)Nakai and its selenylated products decreased cell viability in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.The selenium polysaccharide demonstrated a better antitumor activity compared with the raw polysaccharide,which could be explored as a potential antitumor drug from abandoned extracted residue for the functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.

A comparative study of aripiprazole treatment for co-morbid attention deficiency hyperactivity disorder in ;children with Tourette syndrome / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole treatment for co-morbid attention defi?ciency hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Methods Forty four TS children with co-morbid ADHD were randomly divided into aripiprazole group and haloperidol group. The aripiprazole group and halo?peridol group received aripiprazole and haloperidol treatment for 12 weeks, respectively. Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) and Conners parent symptom questionnaire (PSQ) were used to assess the tic and ADHD symptoms before, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. Side effects were recorded weekly. Results Repeated measure ANOVA indicated that the main effects of groups was not significant to the YGTSS scores (P>0.05), but significant to the PSQ scores (P0.05). The PSQ scores of aripiprazole group were significantly lower than that of haloperidol group. The adverse reactions of aripiprazole group were milder compared with the haloperidol group (P<0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that aripipra?zole has the same efficacy in the treatment of tics as haloperidol, improves co-morbid ADHD symptoms, and its adverse reactions are much less compared with haloperidol.

Advances of trentment in epilepsy / 国际儿科学杂志

Epilepsy is one of the most chronic central nervous system diseases.Based on the studies in recent years,treatment of epilepsy has made great progresses.This review discusses several aspects,such as traditional antiepileptic drugs,new antiepileptic drugs,antagonists of glutamate receptor,gap junction blocker,and glycolysis inhibitor,to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of epilepsy.

Relationship between Tourette syndrome and mycoplasma pneumoniae / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective To analyze the relationship between Tourette syndrome and mycoplasma pneumoniae.Methods Seventy Tourette syndrome children were selected as TS group, and seventy healthy children as control group, then throat swabs MP-DNA and plasma MP-IgM, MP-IgG were detected.TS group were divided into MP-DNA positive group (n =21) and MP-DNA negative group (n =21) according to result of throat swabs MP-DNA.TS group were given haloperidol orally, we noted down daily dose of haloperidol at weekend.On the basis of the haloperidol therapy, MP-DNA positive group were treated with azithromycin.Before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after treatnent, we assessed YGTSS of MP-DNA positive group and MP-DNA negative group.Results (1) MP-DNA positive rate of TS group and control group were 30％ and 0％ respectively, and the differences were significant (x2 =24.706, P =0.000);MP-IgM positive rate of TS group and control group were 27％ and 17％ respectively, and there was no significant difference between two groups (x2 =2.030, P =0.154);MP-IgG positive rate of TS group and control group were 80％ and 64％ respectively, and the differences were significant (x2 =4.301, P=0.038).(2) Before and after 1, 2 weeks of treatment, the score of YGTSS was 30.65 ±5.41, 12.14 ±5.93, 28.07 ±8.69, 29.63 ±2.99, 11.68 ±5.99, 25.80 ± 9.42 respectively in MP-DNA positive group and MP-DNA negative group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);After 4, 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, the score of YGTSS was 60.87 ±23.75, 71.93 ±13.08, 80.19±12.91, 46.94±18.76, 60.53 ±17.42, 71.08 ±14.22 respectively in MP-DNA positive group and MP-DNA negative group, and the differences were significant (P＜0.05);3.After 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, the daily dose of haloperidol was 0.43 ±0.12, 0.86±0.23, 1.71 ±0.46, 2.37 ±0.67, 0.44 ±0.11, 0.88 ±0.22, 1.76 ±0.44, 2.54 ±0.54 mg respectively in MP-DNA positive group and MP-DNA negative group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);After 8 weeks of treatment, the daily dose of haloperidol was 2.45 ± 0.75, 3.00±0.93mg, and the differences were significant (t=2.104, P=0.042).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae may play a role in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome, the pathogensis of Tourette syndrome been involed in immune reaction.

Effect of intermittent hypoxia on RhoA/ROCK pathway in lung and on the muscularization in pulmonary vascular in rat model / 天津医药

Objective To explore the effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on RhoA/ROCK pathway in lung and on the muscularization in pulmonary vascular in rat model. Methods Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into two groups:the normal oxygen control group (n=20) and the IH group ( n=20). For 4 weeks, rats in control group and IH group were ex?posed to intermittent normal oxygen (21%O2) or IH (5%-21%O2) respectively. Then, mRNA transcription and protein trans?lation levels of RhoA/ROCK were examined by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Expression of proliferation cell nuclear an?tigen (PCNA) andα-smooth muscle actin (SM-α-actin ) of lung and pulmonary artery were detected by immunohistochemis?try. Results RhoA mRNA transcription level(0.463 ± 0.067 vs 0.182 ± 0.040), ROCK mRNA transcription level(0.384 ± 0.062 vs 0.192 ± 0.052), RhoA protein expression level(0.827 ± 0.065 vs 0.424 ± 0.075)and ROCK protein expression level (0.488±0.088 vs 0.336±0.102)were higher in IH group than those in control group(P<0.05);Levels of PCNA in lung tissue [(54.67±1.80)%vs (9.14±0.91)%], PCNA in pulmonary artery [(49.40±1.21)%vs (8.38±1.13)%], SM-α-actin in lung tis?sue [(42.66±1.63)%vs (35.44±1.41)%] and SM-α-actin in pulmonary artery [(62.62±2.53)%vs (45.54±2.58)%] were also higher in IH group than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Rho/ROCK pathway may play an important role in developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with IH;and IH can promote the muscularization in pulmonary vascular to accelerate PH.

Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Emphysema and Intermittent Hypoxia Rat Model / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effect of emphysema and intermittent hypoxia (IH) on the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups, control group (A), emphysema group (B), IH group (C) and emphysema+IH group (D). Group A was normally fed. Group B was exposed to smoke, 30 min per time, twice everyday. Group C was exposed to 5%O2 30 s/Air 90 s for 8 h/d. Group D was exposed to smoke twice, about 30 min each time, and exposed 5%O2 30 s/Air 90 s for 8 h/d. After continues exposure for 8 weeks, five rats in each group were randomly selected for arterial blood gas analysis. The tissue blocks of liver was obtained for pathologi-cal scoring and measurements of liver oxidative stress in the rest 10 rats of each group. HE staining was used to calculate the mean lining interval (MLI) and mean alveolar number (MAN). The hepatic inflammatory factor interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) con-centration were measured in four groups. Results Characteristics of emphysema were found in group B and group D. The values of MLI were significantly higher in Group B and group D than those of group A and group C (P<0.05). The values of MAN were significantly lower in group B and group D than those of group A and group C (P<0.05). The levels of SOD and CAT were significantly lower in group B, group C and group D than those of group A (P<0.05). And the levels of SOD and CAT were significantly lower in group D than those of group B and group C (P<0.05). The values of liver MDA were signifi-cantly higher in group B, group C and group D than those of group A, and the values were significantly higher in group D than those of group B and group C (P<0.05). The liver histological scores and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-αwere signifi-cantly higher in group B, group C and group D than those of group A, and the values were significantly higher in group D than those of group B and group C (P<0.05). Conclusion Emphysema and IH have synergistic action in causing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.

Advancement of trentment in myasthenia gravis / 国际儿科学杂志

Myasthenia gravis is autoimmune diseases which mediated with acetylcholine receptor antibody.Based on the studies in rencent years,treatment of MG has made great progress.Thisreview will discuss several aspects,such as immune tolerance induced by dendritic cells,blocking monoclonal antibodies,hematopoietic stem cell transplantion,and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Study of the relationship between Tourette syndrome and autoimmunity / 国际儿科学杂志

Tourette syndrome is a chronic childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder,immune abnormality in Tourette syndrome may play a role in some susceptible children. Some researches suggest that bacterial infections produce antineuronal autoantibodies that can recognize and attack the central nervous system and cause dysfunction. And five criteria can be used experimentally to establish a pathogenic role for autoantibodies in neurologic disorders .